Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Reorganization and functional divergence of the CD4+ memory T cell compartment in hidradenitis suppurativa

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1831664

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expansion of central memory T cells (T CM ) in HS skin. Flow cytometric analysis of total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in (A) the skin and (B) peripheral blood. Frequency of naïve and memory subsets within the CD4+ and CD8+ compartments are shown for (C) skin and (D) peripheral blood. Each dot represents an individual donor (Healthy, diamonds; HS, circles); bars indicate the mean frequency of the population relative to the indicated gate ± standard deviation (SD). Healthy PBMCs, n = 8; Healthy skin, n = 5; HS skin and PBMCs matched samples ( n = 5). Detailed gating strategies for T cell memory subsets (Naïve, T CM , T EM and T RM ) are provided in Supplementary Figure 1 . * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001 (Two-way ANOVA with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test).

Article Snippet: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood were isolated with StraightFrom ® Whole Blood PBMC Isolation Kit, human (130-126-359, Miltenyi Biotec), and resuspended in the same culture medium as skin cells.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Reorganization and functional divergence of the CD4+ memory T cell compartment in hidradenitis suppurativa

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1831664

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heightened pro-inflammatory potential of skin vs peripheral blood CD4+ memory T cells. Frequencies of cytokine-expressing memory T cell subsets from matched skin and PBMC samples ( n = 4). Bars represent the mean percentage (± SD) of cytokine-expressing memory T cells vs parent, under unstimulated baseline conditions (“Unstim”, blue bars/circles) and following stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 coated beads (“aCD3/aCD28”, red bars/triangles). Data are shown for TNF-α-producing CD4+ T EM (A) and T CM (D) cells, IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T EM (B) and T CM (E) , IL-17A-producing CD4+ T EM (C) and T CM (F) . Statistical differences between skin and PBMCs and stimulation condition were evaluated by 2-way repeated measures ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test (* P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood were isolated with StraightFrom ® Whole Blood PBMC Isolation Kit, human (130-126-359, Miltenyi Biotec), and resuspended in the same culture medium as skin cells.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mapping the immune landscape in small cell lung cancer unveils a distinct tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell molecular signature

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.29.735200

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) CD8+ T cells from SCLC biopsies are subsetted from the main UMAP shown in . (b-c) Cytotoxic, exhaustion and proliferation gene markers expressed by different CD8+ effector states are depicted in a dotplot (b) and a feature plots (c). (d) The bar plot represents the distribution and clonality of TCRs on T cells from the SCLC tumor microenvironment. Clonality is quantified as clone size across different T cell states. Clone size refers to the number of cells expressing a specific TCR. (e) The heat map visualization shows the gene-set variation analysis of CD8+ TILs from SCLC patients. The y-axis displays the applied gene signatures, while the x-axis represents the selected CD8+ T cell subsets within the SCLC tumor microenvironment. In addition to known T cell phenotypic gene panels, the NeoTCR8 signature from Lowery et al. (Science, 2022) was applied to the CD8+ TILs.

Article Snippet: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were enriched using the StraightFrom® Whole Blood CD8 MicroBead Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat# 130-090-878), following the manufacturer’s protocol for positive magnetic selection.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mapping the immune landscape in small cell lung cancer unveils a distinct tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell molecular signature

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.29.735200

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) The schematic representation summarizes the stepwise prioritization and validation process, narrowing down from an initial pool of 15,627 TCRs to 6 functionally validated tumor-reactive TCRs. (b) Experimental setup for the functional validation of TCR candidates, shortlisted using the NeoTCR8 signature, is depicted. Endogenous TCRs from CD8+ T cells from healthy donors are disrupted using CRISPR followed by transfection with mRNA encoding for TCR candidates. Upon co-culture of T cells and autologous cell lines T cell reactivity was measured in ELISpot and killing assays. Image created with BioRender.com. (c) Flow cytometry data illustrates the expression of candidate TCRs on CD8+ T cells from healthy donors. (d) Flow cytometry data shows MHCI expression on patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from SCLC patient 5, 6 and 7 before and after IFN-γ treatment. (e) IFN-γ ELISPOT assay results demonstrating the immune response elicited by CD8+ T cells from healthy donors transfected with our shortlisted TCR candidates from Patients 5, 6 and 7. (f) Images from the 3D tumor spheroid killing assay for TCR16 from patient 6, where tumor cells are stained in infrared dye (blue), demonstrate disintegration of tumor spheroids when tumor-reactive TCR-expressing T cells are introduced (lower panel), compared to control T cells with non-specific TCRs (upper panel). (g) Tumor spheroid integrity was followed over time in a 3D tumor-killing assay for five TCRs from patient 6. The y-axis shows normalized spheroid intensity (size of the largest object in each well), and the x-axis represents the assay duration. Different colors represent each TCR, as indicated in the legend on the right.

Article Snippet: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were enriched using the StraightFrom® Whole Blood CD8 MicroBead Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat# 130-090-878), following the manufacturer’s protocol for positive magnetic selection.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Functional Assay, CRISPR, Transfection, Co-Culture Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Derivative Assay, Staining, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mapping the immune landscape in small cell lung cancer unveils a distinct tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell molecular signature

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.29.735200

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) The volcano plot shows genes differentially expressed between reactive T cells and non-reactive CD8+ T cells from SCLC biopsies. CD8+ effector_2 cluster was excluded from analysis to avoid bias from potential untested tumor-reactive TCRs. Upregulated genes in reactive T cells appear on the right side of the volcano plot, while downregulated genes are on the left. The legend on the bottom right depicts the colors used to represent gene regulation, and specifically in black, genes related to the TCR alpha and beta chains (filtering criteria for DGEA: p_val_adj < 0.05 & log2FC > 0.5). (b) The dot plot visualizes the expression of molecular signature genes from significantly upregulated genes in reactive T cells and removal of non-significant genes between reactive and non-reactive T cells (p_val_adj < 0.05 & log2FC > 0.35). Expression of signature genes is compared across reactive T cells, non-reactive T cells, and other CD8+ subsets (excluding CD8+ effectors_2). The color gradient represents the magnitude of average expression, ranging from low (blue) to high (red). The size of the circles reflects the fraction of cells expressing the gene in percentage. The genes are ordered according to function. (c) The feature plot shows the spatial distribution across the UMAP of subsetted CD8+ T cells from SCLC patient biopsies enriched in the SCLC_TR signature of tumor-reactive T cells. (d) Representative high-plex immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining illustrates the spatial distribution of mature TLS structures within a SCLC tumor sample with a magnified view of a representative TLS characterized by a core of B cells (CD20+) and follicular dendritic cells (CD21+) surrounded by a ring of CD4+ T reg cells (CD3+ FOXP3+ CD8-), T helper cells (CD3+ FOXP3− CD8−) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CD3+ CD8+) in a peritumoral region (Ki67+) (scale bar: 1.5 mm; inset scalebar: 50 µm). (e) Cell-cell communication analysis showcases elevated predicted chemokine and cytokine signaling between reactive and non-reactive T cells on the bottom as source cells and pDCs, monocytes/macrophages, activated cDC2, cDC2, and B cells on the top as target cells in all SCLC patients. (f-g) Cell-cell communication analysis showcases elevated predicted immunomodulatory ligand-receptor interactions between CD4+ T reg cells, reactive and non-reactive T cells as target cells and pDCs, monocytes/macrophages, activated cDC2, cDC2, and B cells as source cells in all SCLC patients. The circos plot depict either co-stimulatory signaling (f) or co-inhibitory signaling (g), respectively (same legend as in (e)). (h) Violin plots depict the expression of inhibitory receptor expression across tumor-reactive and non-reactive CD8+ T cell subsets. (i) Representative high-plex IHC staining shows the spatial proximity of CD4+ T reg cells (CD3+ FOXP3+ CD8-) and CD8+ T cells (CD3+ CD8+) within SCLC tumor sections from four different patients (scale bar: 50 µm). (j) Faceted box plots illustrate the distribution of average shortest distances (µm) from each cell phenotype to target cell phenotype CD4+ T reg cells (upper panel) and CD8+ T cells (lower panel), respectively.

Article Snippet: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were enriched using the StraightFrom® Whole Blood CD8 MicroBead Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat# 130-090-878), following the manufacturer’s protocol for positive magnetic selection.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry